1.Izinto ezithandekayo
Ishishini lezixhobo lishishini eliphambili kwinkalo ye-automation. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, kunye nophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwemeko yesicelo se-automation yase-China, ukubonakala kweshishini le-instrumentation kutshintshile ngosuku ngalunye oludlulayo. Okwangoku, ishishini lezixhobo lijongene nexesha elitsha lophuhliso, kwaye ukuphunyezwa "kweSicwangciso se-12 seMinyaka emiHlanu yoPhuhliso lwe-Instrumentation Industry" ngokungathandabuzekiyo kunokubaluleka okubalulekileyo okukhokelayo kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo loshishino.
Isicwangciso sibonisa ukuba kwi-2015, ixabiso elipheleleyo lemveliso yoshishino liya kufikelela okanye lisondele kwi-yuan yetriliyoni enye, kunye nomyinge wokukhula ngonyaka malunga ne-15%; ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kuya kudlula kwi-30 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, apho ukuthunyelwa kwamashishini asekhaya kumazwe angaphandle kuya kubalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-50%. Okanye ukusilela kwezorhwebo kwaqala ukuhla ekuqaleni kwe "Isicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu ye-13"; ngokukhuthala ukulima amaqela amathathu emizi-mveliso yoMlambo iYangtze Delta, iChongqing kunye neBohai Rim, kwaye yenze amashishini ama-3 ukuya kwa-5 aneeyuan ezingaphezu kwe-10 leebhiliyoni, kunye namashishini angaphezu kwe-100 anentengiso engaphaya kwebhiliyoni e-1 yeeyuan.
Ngexesha “leSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu”, ishishini lezixhobo zelizwe lam liya kugxininisa kwiimfuno zeeprojekthi ezinkulu zesizwe, amashishini asakhasayo anobuchule kunye nendlela yokuphila yabantu, nokukhawulezisa uphuhliso lweenkqubo zolawulo oluzenzekelayo olukwizinga eliphezulu, izixhobo zokuvavanya ukuchaneka okukhulu, izixhobo ezintsha kunye nezivamvo. Ngokutsho kwe "Plan", kule minyaka mihlanu izayo, lonke ishishini liya kujolisa kwimarike yemveliso ephakathi ukuya phezulu, ukuqinisa ngamandla ukuyila, ukuvelisa kunye nokuhlolwa komgangatho, ukwenzela ukuba uzinzo kunye nokuthembeka kweemveliso zasekhaya kuya kuphuculwa kakhulu; ezijolise kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zesizwe kunye namashishini asakhasayo ngobuchule, ukwandisa indawo yenkonzo yoshishino ukusuka kwiinkalo zemveli ukuya kwiinkalo ezininzi ezisahlumayo; ukukhuthaza ngamandla uhlenga-hlengiso lwequmrhu, kwaye sizame ukwakha inani “ngaphezu kwe-10 yeebhiliyoni” zamashishini akhokelayo kwaye enze iqela lamashishini angomqolo anokhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe; Ukuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kunye notyalo-mali lwexesha elide lweziphumo eziphunyeziweyo, ukuqokelelwa okuqhubekayo kobuchwephesha obungundoqo, kunye nokusekwa kwendlela yophuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini.
Ukongezelela, "Isigqibo seBhunga leSizwe malunga nokuKhawuleza ukuLima kunye noPhuhliso lweSicwangciso esiKhuselekileyo saMashishini" sicacise ukuba izixhobo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu bokukhusela indalo kunye nemveliso kufuneka zikhuthazwe kumashishini okugcina amandla kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo, kunye nokwakhiwa kwenkqubo yenkonzo yokulondoloza amandla kunye nokukhusela indalo ejoliswe kwiimarike kufuneka kukhuthazwe. Kushishino, khuthaza uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye noshishino lweetheminali ezihlakaniphile. Kunokubonwa ukuba imeko-bume yomgaqo-nkqubo ilungile kushishino lwesixhobo sovavanyo lwamandla.
2.Izinto ezingalunganga
Ilizwe lam lovavanyo lwezixhobo zovavanyo lwamandla lwenze umgca wemveliso otyebileyo, kunye neentengiso ziyanda, kodwa kusekho ubunzima obahlukeneyo kuphuhliso loshishino. Iimveliso zezigebenga zangaphandle zivuthiwe kwaye ukhuphiswano lwemarike luqatha. Iinkampani zasekhaya zeemitha ze-smart smart zijongene nokhuphiswano kabini kwiinkampani zasekhaya nezangaphandle. Zeziphi izinto ezithintela uphuhliso loshishino lwezixhobo zelizwe lam?
2.1 Imigangatho yemveliso kufuneka iphuculwe kwaye imanyaniswe
Ukusukela ukuba ishishini lovavanyo lwesixhobo sovavanyo lwamandla lishishini elikhulayo kwilizwe lam, ixesha lophuhliso lifutshane, kwaye likwinqanaba lenguqu ukusuka ekukhuleni ukuya kuphuhliso olukhawulezayo. Abavelisi basekhaya basasazekile ngokwentelekiso, kwaye ngenxa yokuthintelwa kwabasebenzisi abohlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zenkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwamandla okwahlukeneyo, imigangatho yemveliso yeemitha zamandla ezikrelekrele eziziswe kwilizwe lam ayinakuhlangabezana neemfuno zeshishini ngokwendlela yoyilo, imveliso, kunye nokwamkelwa. Ukuphuhliswa kakuhle kwesixhobo kuzisa uxinzelelo oluthile.
2.2 Uphuculo olucothayo lwesakhono sokwenza izinto ezintsha
Okwangoku, uninzi lwezixhobo zovavanyo oluphambili lwelizwe lam kunye neemitha zixhomekeke ekuthengeni ngaphandle, kodwa ezona zixhobo zovavanyo ziphambili zangaphandle kunye neemitha ziphuhliswa ngokubanzi kwiilabhoratri kwaye azikwazi ukuthengwa kwimarike. Ukuba ufuna ukwenza imisebenzi yodidi lokuqala lwezenzululwazi kunye netekhnoloji, uya kuthintelwa ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi kwetekhnoloji.
2.3 Isikali soshishino kunye nomgangatho uthintela uphuhliso loshishino
Nangona izixhobo zokuvavanya kunye neemitha zifumene uphuhliso oluphezulu, ngenxa yempembelelo ye "GDP", amashishini amancinci aphishekela inzuzo yezoqoqosho, kwaye angayihoyi iteknoloji yemveliso entsha kunye nomgangatho wemveliso, okubangelwa uphuhliso olungenampilo. Kwangaxeshanye, kukho amashishini amaninzi amancinci naphakathi, kwaye inqanaba lobugcisa bokuvelisa alilingani. Abavelisi abakhulu bangaphandle basebenzisa i-China njengesiseko sokulungisa iimveliso zabo, kodwa kukho izinto eziphakathi, eziphantsi kunye nezixineneyo kwilizwe lethu, ezithintela uphuhliso loshishino.
2.4 Ukunqongophala kweetalente ezikumgangatho ophezulu
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iinkampani zovavanyo lwasekhaya ziye zakhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa iinkampani zezixhobo zokuvavanya zangaphandle ziye zaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza. Ngokwahlukileyo, umsantsa opheleleyo phakathi kweenkampani zezixhobo zovavanyo lwangaphakathi nezangaphandle uya usiba mkhulu ngokukhula. Isizathu sesokuba uninzi lweetalente kushishino lwezixhobo zovavanyo kwilizwe lam zilinywa ngamashishini asekuhlaleni. Baswele amava abaphathi abakhulu kunye nabaphathi beeprojekthi zeenkampani ezinkulu zezixhobo zangaphandle, kwaye kunzima ukulawula imeko yemarike yangaphandle.
Ngokusekelwe koku kungasentla, ukuze kuphuculwe umgangatho wemveliso, abavelisi bezixhobo zokuvavanya ezinkulu baphuhlisa ngokunyanisekileyo itekhnoloji yokulinganisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu ngokuthembeka okuphezulu. Ngokukodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokuphunyezwa kwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo, ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokulawula isixhobo sokulinganisa kusondele. Bobabini abasebenzisi kunye nabavelisi bafakela ukubaluleka okukhulu kugcino lwezixhobo, kodwa ngokujonga kuphuhliso lwangoku lweshishini, kusekho iingxaki. Ukuze kuqondwe ngakumbi izimvo zabasebenzisi, isebe lethu liqokelele izimvo kwaye likholelwa ukuba imigangatho yoshishino ithintela uphuhliso. Umlinganiselo ngama-43%; I-43% icinga ukuba inkxaso yobugcisa ithintela uphuhliso lweshishini; I-17% icinga ukuba ukuqwalaselwa komgaqo-nkqubo akwanelanga, nto leyo ethintela uphuhliso loshishino; I-97% icinga ukuba umgangatho wemveliso uthintela uphuhliso loshishino; intengiso yeemarike 21% ithintele uphuhliso loshishino; I-33% yayikholelwa ukuba iinkonzo zemarike zithintela uphuhliso lweshishini; I-62% ikholelwa ukuba emva kokuthengisa kuthintele uphuhliso loshishino.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-29-2022